Litter-dwelling (epigeic) Lumbricus rubellus and soil-dwelling (endogeic) Allolobophora chlorotica earthworms were observed aggregating under C3 (13C = -31.3; 15N = 10.7) and C4 (13C = -12.6; 15N = 7.5) synthetic dung pats ...

Off-line pyrolysis was used to liberate lignin moieties from dung and soil and, after trimethylsilylation, the 13C values of these derivatives were determined by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. ...