http://hdl.handle.net/2160/671 Mon, 20 May 2013 12:08:43 GMT 2013-05-20T12:08:43Z http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7863 Alternative sites of citizenship : emotions, performance and belonging for female migrants Jackson, Lucy Elizabeth This PhD investigates the complexities of modern day citizenship for groups on the margins. This thesis is situated within feminist geopolitics and feminist countertopographical literatures and investigates the way in which migrant women understand and in turn practice citizenship. Outlined by TH Marshall in 1950, citizenship in its most basic form is understood as belonging to a community, and having rights and responsibilities within that community. With increased communication and transport technology we have seen a burgeoning of mobility and increased migration around the world. Coupled with the scaling back of the state in the national imagination, we are left with an ever more complicated understanding of citizenship. This thesis is therefore centred on three key elements of citizenship: as belonging to a community, as emotionally laden, and as a practice and performance through the everyday and the mundane. I draw together the literatures on migration, identity and citizenship to investigate what a real, lived citizenship is for female migrants. The thesis focuses on two main case study sites of Cardiff, UK and Singapore. Through these, I examine the different citizenship identities of migrant women, connecting the stories across time and through space. In focusing on two case study sites I examine the context of the individual migrant, seeking to highlight how there may be similarities and differences between different groups of migrant women. This thesis seeks to answer questions of what a modern day citizenship identity looks like: how might citizenship, and a citizenship identity, be seen as something which is at once multiple, complex, situated and dynamic? How can citizenship therefore be relational, tied to specific experiences in, and of, place? Finally, how might this alter future directions in citizenship research? Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7863 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7862 Retrieval of forest structure and biomass from radar data using backscatter modelling and inversion Clewley, Daniel Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7862 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7793 THE LAKI FISSURE ERUPTION AND UKMORTALITY CRISES OF 1783-1784 MICHNOWICZ, Sabina A.K. The Lakigigar eruption 1783 – 1784 is known to be the largest air pollution incident in historic times; its effects were felt throughout Europe and beyond. In the UK, August temperatures in 1783 were 2.5oC to 3oC higher than the decadal average, causing the hottest summer on record for 200 years. A bitterly cold winter followed with temperatures 2oC below average. Contemporary observers noted the presence of an acid fog in much of Europe, which prevailed during the summer of 1783, coupled with an increase in sickness and ‘pestilential agues’. Coincidentally, in England, July 1783–June 1784 is classified as a mortality crisis (an annual mortality rate ~20% above the 51-year moving mean); the death rate doubled with 30,000 additional deaths recorded. The Laki fissure eruption has been put forward as the climatic and environmental forcing mechanism for this mortality crisis; whilst the broad impacts of the eruption on the environment are understood, less is known about the impact on mortality. The main aim of this research is to explore the role of the Laki fissure eruption and to test the null hypothesis that the eruption played no role in the mortality crises. An appraisal of British health in the latter half of the 18th Century is presented, specifically endemic diseases and the environmental forcing mechanisms which could make them epidemic. Particular attention is given to local weather patterns around Britain and the grain prices and social factors of influence, in four counties: Dorset, Cheshire, Yorkshire and Northumberland. The burial records for both small and large parishes in these counties and some major cities, are also investigated. The climatic and environmental effects were felt strongly across the UK, but with some geographical areas more sensitive than others. Grain prices, (as indicators of harvest yield) for the four counties, did not reveal a strong signal in their standard deviation for the decade 1780-89. Similarly, the burial data did not indicate crisis mortality, as strongly as in previously published work for other counties (notably, Bedfordshire). Whilst the null hypothesis for these four counties cannot be rejected, the findings highlight the differing levels of vulnerability within England and indicate that other counties would have been much worse affected. Given the growing risk to health from air pollution, climate change and volcanic eruptions, it is important that lessons from the vulnerabilities of the past can inform mitigation strategies for the future. Fri, 01 Jul 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7793 2011-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7773 Spatial patterns in the small town in the nineteenth century : a case study of Wrexham Irish, Sandra Thu, 01 Jan 1987 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2160/7773 1987-01-01T00:00:00Z