Three groups of five rumen and duodenum cannulated fauna-free sheep were used in a 28 d experiment. One group remained fauna-free, whereas the second (EN) and third (PP) groups, respectively, were inoculated intraruminally ...

Duplications are a major driving force behind evolution. Most duplicates are believed to fix through genetic drift, but it is not clear whether this process affects all duplications equally or whether there are certain ...

BRs (brassinosteroids) are plant steroid hormones that are essential for normal plant development. The dramatic dwarfism exhibited by mutants in the CYP (cytochrome P450) enzymes involved in BR biosynthesis indicates a ...

Changes in the specific diet of earthworms with time in relation to landuse changes and two different climates were studied by analysing 13C and 15N natural abundance in soils and animals. Soil samples from three depths ...

Winter hardiness of grasses depends mainly on their frost tolerance and resistance to snow mould pathogens. Many authors reported the main role of soluble carbohydrates in cold-induced resistance to frost or fungi. The ...

Biologists have been fascinated for more than 2 centuries about how the nucleus in eukaryotes is organised. Certain of the component parts are well known, but the overall picture is blurred and often confusing. Small genome ...

Aphids are major agricultural pests which cause significant yield losses of the crop plants each year. (E)-beta-farnesene (E beta F) is the alarm pheromone involved in the chemical communication between aphids and particularly ...

The relative strength of adhesion by Blumeria graminis conidia and germlings to barley leaves and to clean (hydrophilic) or silanized (hydrophobic) glass, was assessed using centrifugation. Ungerminated conidia were incubated ...

Introduction Understanding mechanisms of host response against Fasciola hepatica is crucial for improving vaccine efficiency against this parasite. In rats the protective response occurs during the early stages of infection, ...

Earthworms were introduced into physically degraded soils restored after opencast coal mining. Their effects on soil organic matter and associated soil aggregation were then measured after a period of 9 yr. Earthworm inputs ...