This study examines institutions essential in a federal system which have been established by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia with a view to determine to what extent the institutions fulfil the underlying values of ...

Under traditional international law governed by the concept of state sovereignty, any alleged responsibility for international wrongdoings used to be attributed to the state alone. Indeed, the role of an individual in ...

Summary The absence of a powerful uniform legal authority, to enforce international law and international agreements, has placed reciprocity in a pivotal position in inter-State relations and the extent to which States ...

Implementation of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) (the TRIPs Agreement) is one of the most challenging issues for developing countries as it may hold serious ramifications ...

This thesis explores the lived realities and social meanings attached to the phenomenon of crime and anti‐social behaviour in Bryn Mawr, a semi‐urban geographical location in Wales. The primary lens through which this study ...

Following the end of the Second World War, the British military conducted hundreds of minor war crimes trials in the Far East in which hundreds of Japanese war criminals were tried and punished. There were mixed opinions ...

Abstract: 9/11 consequently demonstrated a vulnerability to terrorism, both national and personal. The ‘need to protect’, was evidenced by the swift enactment of the ATCSA 2001. Risk and threat rhetoric was underpinned ...

This thesis provides a critique on the law of self-defence in England and Wales. It demonstrates the general justifiability of the defence, while challenging recent legislative amendments that expand its scope for householders. ...