World political processes, such as wars and globalisation, are engendered by complex sets of causes and conditions. Although the idea of causation is fundamental to the field of International Relations, what the concept ...

During the last decades ‘causation’ has been a deeply divisive concept in International Relations (IR) theory. While the positivist mainstream has extolled the virtues of causal analysis, many post-positivist theorists ...

In the late 1950s, as intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) replaced bombers, the development of Soviet ICBMs prompted fears of strategic vulnerability in the West. The Eisenhower administration’s decision to deploy ...

During the formative years of the Cold War, cultural diplomacy and 'national projection' came to occupy an important place in British policy towards the Middle East. The British Council and the official overseas information ...

A notable characteristic of the academic literature has hitherto been a largely unquestioning acceptance that political parties should be studied with reference to their role within the nation-state. The response of ...

Since the end of the Cold War, European Union (EU) efforts in transforming Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have been enormously successful. The 2004 enlargement is widely regarded as the single most effective foreign ...

Lotus corniculatus (bird?s-foot trefoil) and L. uliginosus syn. L. pedunculatus (greater bird?s- foot trefoil) have potential benefits to UK grassland because of the presence of proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed ...

This thesis investigates the relationship between Taiwan’s threat perceptions and its national identity formation, with a focus on Taipei’s foreign policy conduct. Its central question is: how is China seen as a threat ...